Dimensi Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam Lingkup Perkara Perdata Agama di Pengadilan Agama | Oleh: Mahdi Haidar, S.H., M.H. (29/9)

Oleh: Mahdi Haidar, S.H., M.H. (Hakim Pengadilan Agama Tabanan)

ABSTRACT

An unlawful act (onrechtmatige daad) is fundamentally a civil law concept regulated under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata). In judicial practice, allegations of unlawful acts do not always constitute an independent subject matter of dispute but may arise as part of civil cases falling within the absolute jurisdiction of the Religious Courts. This situation raises the issue of whether the inclusion of allegations or claims concerning unlawful acts may place a case outside the absolute jurisdiction of the Religious Courts. This article aims to analyze the dimensions of unlawful acts in religious civil cases and their relationship with the absolute jurisdiction of the Religious Courts. This study employs a normative juridical method using a statutory and conceptual approach. The analysis shows that the existence of allegations or claims concerning unlawful acts does not automatically remove a case from the absolute jurisdiction of the Religious Courts. As long as the subject matter of the dispute remains within the areas of jurisdiction assigned to the Religious Courts and fulfills the principle of Islamic personality, the unlawful-act aspect may form part of the examination and adjudication of the case. Keywords: Unlawful Act, Absolute Jurisdiction, Religious Courts, Principle of Islamic Personality, Religious Civil Cases.

A. Latar Belakang

Pengadilan Agama merupakan salah satu lingkungan peradilan di bawah Mahkamah Agung yang diberi kewenangan oleh Undang-Undang untuk memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus perkara tertentu bagi masyarakat yang beragama Islam. Kewenangan tersebut diberikan sebagai bentuk pengakuan negara terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat Muslim untuk menyelesaikan persoalan hukum yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan keagamaan dan keperdataan Islam melalui lembaga peradilan yang memiliki kompetensi khusus.

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